Unearthing Indonesia’s forgotten heritage

Dian Kuswandini, The Jakarta Post, Jakarta | Fri, 12/04/2009 1:32 PM | Culture

Past attraction: Visitors stand in front of photos from the ongoing “Forts in Java and Sumatra: Trade Conflicts and Territorial Fights” exhibition at the National Museum (JP/J. Adiguna)

They might look like little more than old bricks and ruins, but these fortifications are the silent witnesses to the country’s centuries-old journey to independence.

Long forgotten and neglected, the forts have lost their attraction today as many of us seem to regard them merely as old constructions with little function.

Perhaps that’s true — that they can’t really function anymore — but it’s the stories embedded within their bricks that actually make them precious.

Among the stories are ones that take us back to the Java and Sumatra of 300 years ago, where fortifications were at the heart of trade conflicts and territorial fights.

These periods saw how the functions of most fortifications shifted from just trading posts equipped with storehouses, offices and residences, into bases of defense and territorial expansion.

The shift in functionality was proof of the growing power of the Dutch East India Company (VOC), which maintained strategic posts in Java and Sumatra.

Urgently seeking to secure its assets, expand its territory and maintain its domination, the VOC built more fortifications, including in Bandung, West Java, in the wake of the First World War. All have a significant place in history for Indonesians, as the fortifications are the unspoken witnesses of their struggles against the Dutch in gaining independence.

“We can actually learn a lot about our history from the fortifications,” says Nadia Purwestri, research coordinator for the Center for Architecture Documentation (PDA).

“[However] we never realized this because we weren’t aware of their existence in the first place.”

So the PDA and its Dutch counterpart, Paaschier Architects and Consultant (PAC), wish to raise the people’s consciousness with the ongoing exhibition on Indonesia’s fortifications at the National Museum.

Titled “Forts in Java and Sumatra: Trade Conflicts and Territorial Fights”, the exhibition contains the comprehensive documentation on fortifications on both islands, capturing our attention as we find out that Indonesia has hundreds of such bygone splendors.

“We want to make these fortifications as part of the country’s history through this exhibition,” Nadia says.

“Most people today have no idea they can find fortifications in their surroundings.”

In particular Jakartans, she adds, who don’t know there are ruins of forts in North Jakarta’s Old Town.

The team defines fortifications as defense structures that come in various types, including stockades, blockhouses, bunkers, pillboxes, city walls, defense caves and military base camps.

(JP/J. Adiguna)

In addition, Nadia goes on, there are also traditional fortifications such as moats and land piles. The fortifications, she says, include those built by the Dutch, British, Spanish and Portuguese.

The PDA and the PAC are holding the exhibition as part of their project to document fortifications across the country — identifying their types, conditions and damage.

“The project is also set to provide the government, in this case the Culture and Tourism Ministry, with a database for the preservation of fortifications,” Nadia says of the project that began in 2007.

This exhibition is the second since last year that highlights fortifications in the eastern part of Indonesia: Maluku, North Maluku, West Papua and Papua.

Next year, Nadia says, a third exhibition will be held to showcase the team’s documentation of fortifications in Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara and Bali.

“Our project is in three stages,” she says.

“In the first stage, we are documenting fortifications in the eastern part of Indonesia, the second in the western part, and the third in the central part.”

For the first stage, Nadia’s team recorded 141 fortifications, while they found 177 in the second stage in Java and Sumatra. The third stage is still underway.

“We found hundreds of fortifications, but the ones we’ve showcased in the exhibitions are the special ones,” Nadia says.

This means, she points out, the fortifications must meet certain criteria. “We pick those that are already famous in our history.”

Nadia then cites the magnificent Marlborough Fort in Bengkulu, South Sumatra, and Vanderburg Fort in Yogyakarta as among those highlighted this time around.

The second type of fortification chosen are those with unique or unusual structures, either pentagonal or round, she adds.

“The Martello Fort on Bidadari Island [in Jakarta’s Thousand Islands] is an example of that round shape. It’s interesting for people to know about it, right?” Nadia says, adding forts that are in good condition also fit the team’s criteria for the exhibition.

The team also highlighted fortifications that are still in use today, either as prisons, amusement hubs or offices.

“We wish to find out whether other fortifications might have similar prospects for being developed,” Nadia says.

“As we know, most of these fortifications are located in the middle of growing areas or big cities, so they’re threatened by development.”

Therefore, as Nadia points out, efforts must be made to use the fortifications, either as tourism sites or as commercial buildings, just so they can be around us just that little bit longer, as precious heritage to remind us of the country’s journey to independence.

Forts in Java and Sumatra: Trade Conflicts and Territorial Fights

Runs through Dec. 10 at Galeri Kaca, National Museum
Jl. Merdeka Barat No. 12
Central Jakarta
Tuesday to Sunday from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m.

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Pusat Dokumentasi Arsitektur-Indonesia - PDA Website (Indonesian Center for Architecture Documentation)

Documenting Culture Heritage Project - PAC architects and consultants

Map of Forts in Indonesia

Most tap-water companies in `bad shape'

Fadli, The Jakarta Post, Batam | Sat, 12/05/2009 1:40 PM

The majority of tap-water companies (PDAM) across Indonesia are managed poorly due to political moves made by regional administrations, says an executive.

Saiful, new chairman of the Indonesian Tap-Water Companies' association (Perpamsi), said that of 355 PDAMs across the country, only 25 percent were in a good condition both in term of finance and management, while the remaining 75 percent were in bad shape.

"The quality of human resources, financial deficit, high level of pipeline leakages and political attitudes from regional administration heads have been blamed for the *PDMs'* conditions," said Saiful, who had just been elected as chairman of Perpamsi for the 2009-2013 term, on Thursday, during the organization's meeting in Batam, Riau Islands province.

Among the political maneuvers blamed for the conditions, according to Saiful, were the appointments of PDAM's employees that were based more on nepotism rather than competence.

"Rates are also something that is often *played with' by heads of regional administrations, especially during the campaign period. As a result, PDAMs cannot decide their own rates according to their calculations," said Saiful who is also president director of PDAM Tirta Musi in Palembang, South Sumatra.

Saiful said the combined debt of all PDAMs across the country, which mostly operate in provincial and regency/municipal capitals, totalled Rp 6 trillion.

"In a bid to help rectify the situation we will conduct some programs including improving the quality of our staff through training and conducting fit-and-proper tests on candidates for PDAM executive positions," he said.

Separately, Perpamsi vice chairman Sunarto Mokodompit, who is also president director of PDAM Bolaang Mongondow, said political pressure from the regency head made it difficult to restructure human resources in his company.

"The Regent often called me to accept this person or that person as an employee at my office. I can't refuse, if I do I'll probably end up losing my job," he said.

A similar scenario was expressed by Ricky Pontoh, president director of PDAM North Minahasa. He said most of the PDAMs set up in new regencies in his region were being run by staff with no experience in clean water management.

"The conditions of the PDAMs in those areas, which were previously under our management, are really concerning at the moment," he said.

Saiful also said that with regard to the present conditions, Indonesia would not meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) target of increasing access to clean water and basic sanitation facilities by 2015.

The MDG has set a target of sustainable access to clean water for 80 percent of the urban populations and 60 percent of the rural residents by 2015.

Currently, he said, it was almost certain that the target would not be achieved. Only 40 percent of the urban population and less than 30 percent of the rural population had sustainable access to clean water, he added.

Former vice president Jusuf Kalla said that between 2008 and 2013, 10 million households would be provided with clean water installations. Currently 7.1 million installations have been delivered. "It's even difficult to meet the former vice president's target," Saiful said.

RI, Timor Leste to reconstruct border fence

Antara News, Saturday, December 5, 2009 16:21 WIB

Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara (ANTARA News) - The governments of Indonesia and Timor Leste will reconstruct a border fence in their border area.

"The Timor Leste consul has told the Kupang district administration about the need to rebuild a border fence of the two countries," Petseraen Amtiran, a spokesman of the Kupang administration, said here here on Saturday.

Timor Leste`s Consul in Kupang Caetano Guterres held a meeting with the Kupang District head last Friday (Dec. 4).

The reconstruction of border fence in Naktuka, East Amfoang Sub district, Kupang, was expected to be completed in 2010.

The border fence in the border area had collapsed because of unknown reasons.

Dutch build green city off China coast

Radio Netherlands Worldwide, 5 December 2009 - 9:15am | By Sigrid Deters

Crystal Mountain Development Tianjin, China

The total Crystal Mountain site area is 43km². 28km² will be land reclaimed from the Bohai Sea by DHV.

China enjoys the doubtful honour of being the world’s biggest polluter – as well as the world’s biggest investor in green technology. And Dutch companies are getting in on the act – such as the DHV engineering firm that is building a green city with the most up-to-date technology.

China’s certainly going to be under discussion at the UN Climate Change Summit, which kicks off in Copenhagen next Monday. For years China has been coming up with plans for sustainable cities and green villages – but until recently none of them got off the drawing board. The much-heralded plan for a green city near Shanghai for instance, drawn up by British company Arup. Other projects like the green village developed by the famous American environmental architect William McDonough were a failure. The houses were much too expensive for the villagers and it also transpired that few of the houses were actually built following the original plan.

Hopes are now settled on a joint Chinese-Singaporean plan on the Bohai Sea. Top political figures are involved in this projected green city and construction work has already begun.

Close to the area where this project is underway, the Dutch engineering firm DHV is quietly working on another green neighbourhood: a series of artificially created islands in the sea to house 20,000 people in an environmentally friendly fashion. But again the question is, just how green will this green city turn out to be?

Related Article:

Crystal Mountain Development Tianjin, China

River trip

The Jakarta Post, Antara | Sat, 12/05/2009 1:48 PM | Jakarta

Coordinating Minister for People's Welfare Agung Laksono (second left), Jakarta Governor (third left) and Social Affairs Minister Salim Segaf Al Jufrie wave to local residents living on the sides of Ciliwung River during a visit on Saturday. The government is planning to construct an integrated place to repair the to the murky, garbage-ridden, river and to relocate the residents. Antara/Salis Akbar

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Kalimantan Ready to be a National Energy Granary

Tempo Interactive, Friday, 04 December, 2009 | 16:09 WIB

TEMPO Interactive, Palangkaraya:Central Kalimantan Governor Teras Narang has said he will build a 2x100 megawatt power plant with the abundant coal in his area. Several investors from Russia and India, he said, are ready to invest in Central Kalimantan.

“In the future, we are certain that we are capable to be a national energy granary, especially for Java island,” said Teras during Indonesia’s Provincial Government Association National Working Meeting at the Central Kalimantan Governor office, on Wednesday night.

By becoming a national energy granary, he said, they wouldn’t have to export Kalimantan coal to Java anymore.

The shipping cost is very expensive.

He deemed this way to be more efficient and effective, so much so that people would not have to bear the high payment charge and the government subsidy could be reduced.

Previously, at the same event, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono asked 33 governors from all Indonesia to make some sort of electricity master plan in Indonesia. “Let’s sit together to discuss these electricity problems. Let’s count together the needs of each province so we might know the national need,” he said.

Yudhoyono instructed immediately a limited meeting with governors from all Indonesia to discuss Indonesian electric crises. “I hope, by the end of this Palangkaraya meeting, there will be some sort of electricity master plan in Indonesia,” he said.

In Denpasar, Bali, Minister of Energy and Mineral Ressources Darwin Saleh Zahedi reaffirmed his plan to make geothermal energy as the main source of power.

“The government will reduce other energy use, like oil, to 30%,” he said.

According to Darwin, there is a geothermal energy potential and there are funding sources to exploit it.

“There are offers, we just have to formulate the scheme and treatment to persuade private companies,” he said.

According to National Energy Council member, Herman Darnel Ibrahim, the geothermal energy potential is about 28,000 megawatts at present. But only 1,189 have been exploited while 2,300 megawatts are being explored.

There is geothermal energy potential in Indonesia at around 265 locations, like Dieng, Patuha, Wayang Windu and Kemojang.

In Bali, geothermal energy is being developed in Bedugul where the production potential is 200 megawatts.

But the exploitation contract is only 75 megawatts.

According to Herman, there are investment opportunities for geothermal energy in Japan, Germany, USA. Australia, New Zealand and Iceland. “Those countries have a big geothermal energy potential.”

Karana WW | NI LUH ARIE SL

Global warming threatens groundwater supply: Expert

Erwida Maulia, The Jakarta Post, Jakarta | Fri, 12/04/2009 5:14 PM

Not only is global warming putting thousands of Indonesia’s islands at risk of sinking, it also threatens the country's groundwater supply, an expert says.

Heru Hendrayana, a hydrogeologist from Yogyakarta's Gadjah Mada University, said here Friday that groundwater volume in a number of regions has been proved to have reduced in the past few years, believed to be an impact of the warming earth.

"Global warming has led to climate change, which has immense influence upon the water cycle.

"It disrupts the wind and air pressure patterns and, in the end, causes changes in rainfall volume," Heru said after a discussion on drinking water in Jakarta.

He said although some regions enjoyed more rainfall due to the phenomenon, most suffered from less rain instead.

The reduced groundwater volume is evident in Yogyakarta and its surrounding areas, among others, he said.

Pollution is another threat for Indonesia's groundwater supply, especially in urban areas.

Heru said most groundwater supplies in metropolitan cities like Jakarta, Semarang and Surabaya were contaminated with E. coli bacteria because of poor sanitation, not to mention the vulnerability of groundwater to seawater intrusion.

The growing number of industries, gas stations, and carwashes in big cities has exacerbated the threat, said Heru, who is currently studying how far they have affected the groundwater supply.

To make matters worse, big cities, which are typically crowded with buildings, lack the capacity to absorb rainwater.

Heru said urban areas could only absorb 20 percent of rainwater, compared with 30 percent for suburban and 40 percent for rural areas.

Seawater floods worsen in North Jakarta coastal residential areas

The Jakarta Post, Jakarta | Fri, 12/04/2009 3:54 PM

Seawater flooding, caused by high tides, known locally as “rob”, has been worsening in a number of residential areas in North Jakarta over the past few days as the city enters the wet season.

In Muara Baru, flooding is 30 centimeters deep, while main road Jl. RE Martadinata endures flooding up to 50 centimeters deep.

Sarman, a local resident in Muara Baru, told tempointeraktif.com on Friday that “rob”, which occurs monthly, also affected houses.

The local administration has been constructing a dike to prevent flooding in Muara Baru. Of the total 3.5 kilometer-long dike, only 800 meters has been finished.

The city administration has also planned to deploy a water pump to prevent water from the Ancol River from overflowing into Jl. RE Martadinata next year.

Nuclear program on horizon: Government

The Jakarta Post, Jakarta | Thu, 12/03/2009 9:57 PM

The Ikata Nuclear Power Plant, a pressurized water reactor that cools by secondary coolant exchange with the ocean.

Despite previous protests and controversy, the Indonesian government has recently renewed plans to build Indonesia’s first nuclear power plant in Muria Peninsula, Central Java.

State Research and Technology Minister Suharna Surapranata, who has been serving in the new Cabinet for less than two months, said here Thursday that blueprints for the plant were in progress.

“The plan to build the nuclear power plant must go on,” Suharna said as quoted by Antara, on the sidelines of a meeting with the Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency (Bapeten).

Among aspects still under consideration, Suharna said, included who would operate the plant once established — whether it would be the government or a private firm.

As for the location, the government seems to have stuck to the previous plan of building the plant in the Muria Peninsula in Jepara, Central Java.

As part of the process, the government is currently training and educating staff at Bapeten and the National Atomic Energy Agency (Batan), who are expected to run the power plant once it opens in 2016, Suharna said.

The construction of the plant is scheduled to begin next year.

RI sits on 28,000 MW of geothermal resources

The Jakarta Post, Jakarta | Thu, 12/03/2009 8:24 PM

Energy and Mineral Resources Minister Darwin Zahedy Saleh said Indonesia was blessed with geothermal energy resources of up to 28,000 megawatts with a potential power generating capacity of 13,440 MW.

"We also have reserves reaching 14,473 MW, which are scattered in 265 places across Indonesia," Darwin told Antara state news agency at the opening of a seminar themed "Acceleration of Geothermal Development to Support the Second 10,000 MW Power Project" in Bali on Thursday.

He said only 4 percent of the existing geothermal potential or 1,189 MW was being used to generate electricity.

"The plant with the biggest designed capacity is located in West Java, namely 1,057 MW or 20 percent of the reserves, Central Java 60 MW, North Sulawesi 60 MW and North Sumatra 12 MW," Saleh said.

He said in accordance with the law, the government had designated 22 geothermal work mining sites (WKP), eight in Sumatra, seven in Java, two in Sulawesi, three in Nusa Tenggara and the remaining two in Maluku.

Bali is expected to host the World Geothermal Congress on April 25-30, 2010. President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono is slated to open the event.

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Geothermal Market Update: Steady Growth in 2009

President: Let's consider moving RI's capital

The Jakarta Post, Jakarta | Thu, 12/03/2009 10:50 AM

President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono has said the idea of relocating of the national administration center from Jakarta should be considered.

Speaking to governors from across the archipelago at a gathering in Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan, on Wednesday evening, Yudhoyono said Jakarta was far too crowded to be the center of the national administration.

"Fifteen years ago there was a proposal to move the national administration center to Jonggol in West Java, but since the [1998] monetary crisis, ideas on relocating were no longer heard," he said as quoted by Antara state news agency.

Commenting on an idea to relocate the country’s capital to the Central Kalimantan city of Palangkaraya, Yudhoyono said it would not be practical because the city was too far from Jakarta.

But considering seeing the vast area of Palangkaraya, Yudhoyono said it was natural that its residents wanted to develop it into a better and bigger city.

He added it also made sense to develop Palangkaraya, because unlike other areas in the country, Kalimatan was relatively free of natural disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis.

Yudhoyono and his entourage are in the city for a two-day visit to open the Indonesian Provincial Administrations Association (APPSI) national conference on Thursday.

Pay TV Subscribers Rise By More Than 25 Percent

Tempo Interactive, Wednesday, 02 December, 2009 | 22:16 WIB

TEMPO Interactive, Jakarta: An association of subscription-based multimedia service reported increasing subscribers during 2009 by around 27 percent and predicted the percentage will continue to rise to about 30 percent in 2010.

Association of National Multimedia Service said pay TV subscribers have been estimated at 900,000 this year by the end of the year, growing by almost 200,000 subscribers from a year earlier.

Secretary General of the association Arya Mahendra Sinulingga said his association predicted a rise in number of subscribers that would take the number of customers to 1.2 – 1.3 million next year.

There were already several pay TV services in Indonesia which include Indovision, Telkomvision, Firstmedia, IM2, Aora, Fastindo, Megavision, Jogja Medianet, and Okevision, but Arya said “Right now pay TV subscribers only make up of 8 or 9 percent (of the total TV viewers).”

Most subcribers according to Arya will return to pay TV for more channels and variety of shows they could not find in regular TV, but the limited number of local movies Arya said could not respond to that demand. HBO channel for example could air 800 titles a year while Indonesia only produces 75 titles a year.

KARTIKA CHANDRA

RI warned of missing 2015 clean water target

Fadli, The Jakarta Post , Batam, Riau Islands | Wed, 12/02/2009 9:56 PM

Indonesia is likely to fall short of achieving its Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target of significantly improving access to clean water and sanitation facilities by 2015, warns the Association of All Indonesian Tap Water Companies (Perpamsi).

Poor clean water management, leakages and wasteful use of water are likely to cause the failure, it added.

Perpamsi head, Achmad Marju Kodri, told The Jakarta Post on the sidelines of the 11th Tap Water Company Conference in Batam, Riau Islands, on Wednesday that Indonesia had set its MDG target to ensure that 80 percent of urban dwellers and 60 percent of rural communities, which make up the total population, would have sustainable access to clean water by 2015.

However, the target is challenging as currently only 40 percent of urban residents and 30 percent of rural residents have access to potable water, he added.

“Indonesia definitely cannot reach its MDG target in terms of reducing the number of people without access to clean water due to various obstacles, such as poor clean water management and wasteful use of water. It also depends on the goodwill of the government,” said Kodri.

He said that only 60 percent of urban dwellers and 40 percent of rural residents in Indonesia would have access to drinking water.

“Cases of pipe leakages in Indonesia have reached 32 percent, people remain wasteful and most of the state-run tap water company (PDAM) heads in the regions are less professional, so much so that clean water supplies to residents are still ineffective and unequal,” said Kodri.

Freeport-McMoRan Plans To Build Papua's First Cement Plant

By Dorothy Kosich, Mineweb.com

Plans by PT Freeport Indonesia to develop Papua's first cement plant next year could help the remote province fulfill local construction demands, Indonesia Industry Minister said.

The US$150 million factory would be built near the city of Timika.

"The new factory would be built as part of the company's corporate social responsibility program to support infrastructure development in Papua," Industry Minister MS Hidayat said on Monday. Half of the factory's annual production capacity of five million tons would be sold on the local market and Freeport would use the remainder, the Jakarta Globe reported.

Freeport spokesman Mindau Pangaribuan told the Globe the project resulted from discussion between the company and the Papua provincial government. Mindau said Freeport's mine tailings would be used to make the cement.

Cement is now imported to Papua from other provinces. Freeport's giant Grasberg copper and gold mine is located in Papua.

The chairman of the Indonesian Cement Association ASI said the new factory could cut cement prices by half.

The Papua provincial government also announced it plans to build a 2,000-megawatt hydropower plant to meet electricity demand and to support infrastructure needs in the province. State utility company PT PLN plans to develop 18 power plants, including coal, hydro and micro-hydro plants to ease the province's dependence on diesel power.

WB - New Environmental Analysis for a Sustainable Indonesia

Environmental governance and climate change mitigation and adaptation identified as key challenges

World Bank Publication

Available in: Bahasa (Indonesian)

A new World Bank report launched today highlights the upstream policy challenges that Indonesia faces in attaining environmental sustainability, and thus freeing up funds for better development outcomes.

The Country Environmental Analysis examines the economic costs of environmental degradation and offers options on how best to address priority issues of environmental governance and climate change mitigation and adaptation.

The report was compiled through extensive consultations with the Indonesian government, non-government organizations and research institutes.

According to the analysis, the costs of environmental degradation to Indonesia’s economy can be summarized as follows:

• Natural capital constitutes about one quarter of total wealth in Indonesia but is being rapidly depleted and not being offset by adequate investments in human or produced capital.
  
  
• Climate change will result in a number of negative impacts on Indonesia, including reduced crop production, greater risks of flooding, and further spread of vector-borne diseases, with economic costs projected to reach 2.5-7.0 percent of GDP by 2100.
  
  
• Poor sanitation is estimated to have led to major health, water, tourism and other welfare costs worth more than $6 billion in 2005, or more than 2 percent of GDP that year.
  
  
• Outdoor and indoor air pollution is estimated to have led to health impacts worth about $5.5 billion per annum or about figure is 1.3 percent of GDP (2007).
  
  
• Deforestation since 2001 reached over 1 million ha per year, This is reduced from historical highs over 2.5 million ha per year, but still very high compared to other tropical forested countries. Forest loss and peat land conversion cause environmental degradation, health and biodiversity losses, and greenhouse gas emissions.

“Environmental degradation has a high cost for Indonesia. However, with the recent passing of new laws in environment, electricity and solid waste management, Indonesia is clearly on the path towards a more environmentally sustainable future,” said Joachim von Amsberg, World Bank Country Director for Indonesia. “The next step in this transformation is to match this legal framework with adequate capacity and incentives at all levels of government, while at the same time take the appropriate adaptation and mitigation measures to address climate change.”

Indonesia has been identified as one of the countries in Asia most vulnerable to climate change hazards. Drought, floods, sea-level rise, and landslides are among the hazards that will affect mainly poor communities living on the coast and dependent on agriculture, fisheries and forestry for their livelihoods. However, with the right adaptation measures, the annual benefit of avoided damage from climate change is likely to exceed the annual cost by 2050 without adaptation investments.

“Climate change raises the stakes for achieving sustainable development, but also brings opportunities for lower carbon growth and climate finance for mitigation and adaptation. More importantly however, as evidenced by President Yudhoyono’s recent G-20 speech, Indonesia is deeply committed to achieving sustainability and is taking action,” said Timothy H. Brown, Senior Natural Resources Specialist for the World Bank in Indonesia. “International partners like the World Bank stand ready to help Indonesia achieve greater sustainability and realize its ambition of low carbon growth.”

At the G-20 Leaders Summit in Pittsburgh, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono among other things announced that Indonesia was willing to reduce emissions by 26 percent by 2020 from Business As Usual ; planning a billion ton CO2 reduction by 2050; aiming to make forestry a net sink sector by 2030; continuing its fuel efficiency policy; and working to make public transportation more environmentally friendly over the next 10 years.

FACTSHEET

Country Environmental Analysis: Options Expanding Access to Environmental Governance

Climate Change Adaptation

World Bank Office Jakarta
Indonesia Stock Exchange Building
Tower 2, 12th Floor (62-21-5299-3000)

Contact:

In Washington DC:
Mohamad Al-Arief
malarief@worldbank.org

In Jakarta:
Randy Salim
rsalim1@worldbank.org

Related WB Content:

Report - Indonesia Country Environmental Analysis

Website - Environment in Indonesia

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