Key test for re-healable concrete

BBC News, Paul Rincon, Science editor, 30 October 2012

Bacterial spores are added to the concrete mix; they are activated by water

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Experimental concrete that patches up cracks by itself is to undergo outdoor testing.

The concrete contains limestone-producing bacteria, which are activated by corrosive rainwater working its way into the structure.

The new material could potentially increase the service life of the concrete - with considerable cost savings as a result.

The work is taking place at Delft Technical University, the Netherlands.

It is the brainchild of microbiologist Henk Jonkers and concrete technologist Eric Schlangen.

If all goes well, Dr Jonkers says they could start the process of commercialising the system in 2-3 years.

Concrete is the world's most widely used building material. But it is prone to cracks, which means that structures need to be substantially reinforced with steel.

"Micro-cracks" are an expected part of the hardening process and do not directly cause strength loss. Fractures with a width of about 0.2mm are allowed under norms used by the concrete industry.

But over time, water - along with aggressive chemicals in it - gets into these cracks and corrodes the concrete.

Longer life

"For durability reasons - in order to improve the service life of the construction - it is important to get these micro-cracks healed," Dr Jonkers told BBC News.

Bacterial spores and the nutrients they will need to feed on are added as granules into the concrete mix. But water is the missing ingredient required for the microbes to grow.

Concrete is the world's most popular
building material, but cracking is a
problem

So the spores remain dormant until rainwater works its way into the cracks and activates them. The harmless bacteria - belonging to the Bacillus genus - then feed on the nutrients to produce limestone.

The bacterial food incorporated into the healing agent is calcium lactate - a component of milk. The microbes used in the granules are able to tolerate the highly alkaline environment of the concrete.

"In the lab we have been able to show healing of cracks with a width of 0.5mm - two to three times higher than the norms state," Dr Jonkers explained.

"Now we are upscaling. We have to produce the self-healing agent in huge quantities and we are starting to do outdoor tests, looking at different constructions, different types of concrete to see if this concept really works in practice."

The main challenge is to ensure the healing agent is robust enough to survive the mixing process. But, in order to do so, says Dr Jonkers, "we have to apply a coating to the particles, which is very expensive".

The team is currently trying to reduce the cost this adds to the process. But he expects an improved system to be ready in about six months.

The outdoor tests should begin after this; the team is already talking to several construction firms that could provide help.

The concrete will then have to be monitored for a minimum of two years to see how it behaves in this real-world setting.

"Then, if everybody's happy, we can think about trying to commercialise the product," said the TU Delft researcher.

Even if the healing agent adds 50% to the concrete cost, this makes up just 1-2% of the total construction cost. Maintenance is a much higher percentage of this total cost, so Dr Jonkers expects big savings through extending the concrete's service life.

LEN, Pertamina to Develop Solar Panel Plant

Jakarta Globe, October 29, 2012

LEN Industri and Pertamina will join forces to build a solar cell production
plant. (AFP Photo)

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State-owned companies LEN Industri and Pertamina are collaborating together to build a solar cell production plant in Rancaekek, Bandung, according LEN Insdustri President Abraham Mose.

Abraham, speaking to Antara news agency on Monday, said that the groundbreaking for the plant's construction is expected to take place in December.

"This an asignment project and at the same time an investment, so that we do have a renewable energy inustry in Indonesia," Abraham said. He gave no further details on the plant, but that it could produce solar cells with a total capacity of 60 MWatts.

"This is a venture and an investment. [It will be done] so that we can have a renewable energy industry in Indonesia," Abraham said. He gave no further details about the plant, but mentioned that it could produce solar cells with a capacity of 60 megawatts.

A presidential regulation issued in 2006 states that solar energy should account for between 0.2 and 0.3 precent of national energy usage by 2025, or the equivalent of 1,000 megawatts per hour.

Abraham also noted that LEN was planning on investing in airport navigation equipment.

"We will make a proposal for the airport navigation project since it is in line with LEN's focus. We will do this in the next five years," he said.

Abraham mentioned that on Nov. 28 the company would introduce products made in conjunction with the Research and Technology Ministry.

 LEN Industri's expertise, according to to the company's president, lies in railway signage, marine navigation, renewable energy, military communication equipment and control systems.

Abraham noted that LEN has a strategic corporate division devoted to mapping industrial trends.

"Basically, we are always monitoring development and looking for opportunities for growth," he said.

Indonesia Geothermal Sector Attracts Panax, Mitsubishi, BP, Chevron

Renewable Energy World, Leslie Blodgett, GEA, October 18, 2012

WASHINGTON, D.C. -- Indonesia has had the lowest volatility in economic growth of any OECD or BRIC economy over the past decade, while its economy in the short term is conjectured at close to 7% growth per year, according to Proactiveinvestors.com.au.

Concurrently, recent efforts by the Indonesian government to attract geothermal companies seem to be having an effect. At a September meeting in Washington DC on Renewable Energy Opportunities in Indonesia, hosted by the US-ASEAN Business Council, speaker Joel Kopp (U.S. Embassy Jakarta) recounted the efforts of Indonesian leaders, who have set a separate feed-in tariff for geothermal at between 10 and 18.5 cents-per-kWh. Also, projects under 10 MW are required to be purchased by state-owned utility Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN). Kopp added that PLN has made improvements to their reliability, as well.

Australian Panax Geothermal is making strides in Indonesia. With three key geothermal projects scheduled to begin production in Indonesia over the next three to four years, Kerry Parker, managing director, commented to press on the company’s growth in Indonesia: “Panax has long recognized the investment potential in Indonesia, having launched several projects within the region and with plans to expand on our current interests,” Parker said. Projects for Panax include the recently negotiated power purchase agreements for its Sokoria and Dairi Prime geothermal projects, each with a planned initial capacity to generate 30 MW. Agreements are with Indonesian electricity regulator PT PLN and the Indonesian Government.

One company with increasing interest is Mitsubishi Corporation, which has agreed to acquire 20% shares of Star Energy Geothermal Pte Ltd ("SEGPL"). SEGPL manages operation of the 420-MW Wayang Windu Geothermal Power Project Plant in Java Island, one of the world's largest geothermal resources. This acquisition is the country’s “first entry into the Indonesian power industry and its first operation of a geothermal power plant,” according to the release. Mitsubishi could develop and operate multiple geothermal power plants in Indonesia in the future, including an expansion of Wayang Windu.

Additionally, oil and gas giant BP (UK) could expand its business in Indonesia, it said recently. Energy and Mineral Resources Minister Jero Wacik told The Jakarta Post the government was curious as to whether BP would enter the geothermal energy sector after US-based Chevron “had successfully become the world’s largest geothermal power producer after years of operating in Indonesia.”

Chevron Geothermal’s policy, government and public affairs manager, Ida Bagus Wibatsya was quoted that the development could create healthy competition among geothermal energy developers: “It will be very positive for the development of the geothermal energy industry as well as supporting the government’s programs on renewable energy resources.”

This article was originally published in GEA's Geothermal Energy Weekly and was republished with permission.

A geothermal energy project in Tibet. (Photo/Xinhua)

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"Recalibration of Free Choice"–  Mar 3, 2012 (Kryon Channelling by Lee Caroll) - (Subjects: (Old) Souls, Midpoint on 21-12-2012, Shift of Human Consciousness, Black & White vs. Color, 1 - Spirituality (Religions) shifting, Loose a Pope “soon”, 2 - Humans will change react to drama, 3 - Civilizations/Population on Earth,  4 - Alternate energy sources (Geothermal, Tidal (Paddle wheels), Wind), 5 – Financials Institutes/concepts will change (Integrity – Ethical) , 6 - News/Media/TV to change, 7 – Big Pharmaceutical company will collapse “soon”, (Keep people sick), (Integrity – Ethical)  8 – Wars will be over on Earth, Global Unity, … etc.) - (Text version) 

“…  4 - Energy (again)

The natural resources of the planet are finite and will not support the continuation of what you've been doing. We've been saying this for a decade. Watch for increased science and increased funding for alternate ways of creating electricity (finally). Watch for the very companies who have the most to lose being the ones who fund it. It is the beginning of a full realization that a change of thinking is at hand. You can take things from Gaia that are energy, instead of physical resources. We speak yet again about geothermal, about tidal, about wind. Again, we plead with you not to over-engineer this. For one of the things that Human Beings do in a technological age is to over-engineer simple things. Look at nuclear - the most over-engineered and expensive steam engine in existence!

Your current ideas of capturing energy from tidal and wave motion don't have to be technical marvels. Think paddle wheel on a pier with waves, which will create energy in both directions [waves coming and going] tied to a generator that can power dozens of neighborhoods, not full cities. Think simple and decentralize the idea of utilities. The same goes for wind and geothermal. Think of utilities for groups of homes in a cluster. You won't have a grid failure if there is no grid. This is the way of the future, and you'll be more inclined to have it sooner than later if you do this, and it won't cost as much….”

China's geothermal energy could run the country for 260,000 years

Want China Times, Staff Reporter 2012-10-07

A geothermal energy project in Tibet. (Photo/Xinhua)

China holds potential geothermal energy between 3,000 and 10,000 meters below the surface of the earth equal to 860 trillion tons of standard coal, a storage which is estimated to have a lifespan of 260,000 years using current figures for energy consumption.

The Ministry of Land and Resources underwent a national survey on the distribution of geothermal energy over the country between 2009 and 2011, re-evaluating the storage of shallow geothermal energy in 287 cities, geothermal energy in 12 sedimentary basins and 2562 hot springs regions, as well as the potential hot-dry-rock geothermal power at between 3,000 and 10,000 meters below the surface of the earth, reports our sister newspaper the China Times.

The results showed that the total shallow geothermal energy storage is commensurate with 9.5 billion tons of standard coal. The usable part is about 350 million a year, which can save 250 million tons of standard coal and reduce 500 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions in a year if the energy is fully exploited and used.

The geothermal power in sedimentary basins is commensurate with 853 billion tons of coal, while the usable part for a year is equal to 640 tons of standard coal, which can reduce 1.3 billion tons of carbon dioxide emission a year.

The survey found the total geothermal energy stored between 3,000 and 10,000 meters below the surface of the earth is about equal to 860 trillion tons of standard coal, which is 260,000 times China's total energy consumption a year.

Geothermal energy is a kind of renewable energy, originating from the original formation of the earth and radioactive decay of minerals. The ministry said the country is moving slowly to exploit the rich energy and need to push the reusable project soon.

A report by Massachusetts Institute of Technology said the United States only has to exploit 2% of its geothermal energy between 3,000 and 10,000 meters below the surface of the earth, which is able to offer electricity equal to 2,500 times the country's total electricity consumption a year.

Related Article:

"Recalibration of Free Choice"–  Mar 3, 2012 (Kryon Channelling by Lee Caroll) - (Subjects: (Old) Souls, Midpoint on 21-12-2012, Shift of Human Consciousness, Black & White vs. Color, 1 - Spirituality (Religions) shifting, Loose a Pope “soon”, 2 - Humans will change react to drama, 3 - Civilizations/Population on Earth,  4 - Alternate energy sources (Geothermal, Tidal (Paddle wheels), Wind), 5 – Financials Institutes/concepts will change (Integrity – Ethical) , 6 - News/Media/TV to change, 7 – Big Pharmaceutical company will collapse “soon”, (Keep people sick), (Integrity – Ethical)  8 – Wars will be over on Earth, Global Unity, … etc.) - (Text version)

“…  4 - Energy (again)

The natural resources of the planet are finite and will not support the continuation of what you've been doing. We've been saying this for a decade. Watch for increased science and increased funding for alternate ways of creating electricity (finally). Watch for the very companies who have the most to lose being the ones who fund it. It is the beginning of a full realization that a change of thinking is at hand. You can take things from Gaia that are energy, instead of physical resources. We speak yet again about geothermal, about tidal, about wind. Again, we plead with you not to over-engineer this. For one of the things that Human Beings do in a technological age is to over-engineer simple things. Look at nuclear - the most over-engineered and expensive steam engine in existence!

Your current ideas of capturing energy from tidal and wave motion don't have to be technical marvels. Think paddle wheel on a pier with waves, which will create energy in both directions [waves coming and going] tied to a generator that can power dozens of neighborhoods, not full cities. Think simple and decentralize the idea of utilities. The same goes for wind and geothermal. Think of utilities for groups of homes in a cluster. You won't have a grid failure if there is no grid. This is the way of the future, and you'll be more inclined to have it sooner than later if you do this, and it won't cost as much….”

Geothermal Takes a Step Forward in Indonesia With Sumatra Drill

Jakarta Globe, Tito Summa Siahaan, September 24, 2012

This 2010 file photo shows an Indonesian worker of PT Pertamina Geothermal
 Energy checking a production well in Kamojang. The government has announced
 it will raise the price of three types of renewable energies for electricity needs,
saying the move is necessary to encourage Indonesia's overall renewable
energy production. (AFP Photo/FILES/ ADEK BERRY)

               

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Nearly a decade after government set the rules for geothermal energy, a developer on Friday undertook the first exploration drilling for the much-vaunted resource that could help power the nation.

Supreme Energy Muara Laboh has started drilling at its working area in South Solok, West Sumatra. The activity is expected to take up to nine months to complete, and will be followed by the construction of a 220 megawatt geothermal power plant should the exploration be successful.

The geothermal energy director at the Energy and Mineral Resources Ministry, Tisnaldi, hailed the project as an historical landmark because it was the first such activity conducted since the government issued the Law on Geothermal Energy in 2003. He added that it was one of the largest energy projects in Sumatra.

“Geothermal projects are crucial in order to make our energy more environmentally friendly in the future, especially considering that our oil, gas and coal resources are in decline,” Tisnaldi said.

If the power plant goes ahead, the project is estimated to cost Rp 7 trillion ($722 million), according to a company statement received on Sunday. “The power plant construction will start in 2014 and is expected to begin commercial operation in 2016,” the statement said.

The electricity generated from the power plant will be dispatched to state utility Perusahaan Listrik Negara’s power grid based on a 30-year power purchase agreement, it said.

Surpeme Energy Muara Laboh is jointly controlled by local company Supreme Energy, France-based International Power-GDF Suez and Japanese firm Sumitomo Corporation.

This project is a part of phase II of a government program to add 10,000 megawatts in generating capacity across the country. While phase I consisted largely of new coal-fired power plants, phase II concentrates on renewable energy.

By 2025, the government expects the portion of electricity generated from renewable energies to reach 17 percent, while diesel fuel will stand at 20 percent, gas at 30 percent and coal at 33 percent.

At present, 5.7 percent of electricity is from renewable sources, 24.5 percent is from coal and 20.1 percent from gas.

To encourage investment, the government this month raised the price floor for renewable energy.

High-Tech Reverse Osmosis Water Plant on Its Way to Riau Islands, Ministry Says

Jakarta Globe, July 28, 2012

Water vendors fill up jerry cans in Madura, East Java. The water comes
from a plant that uses reverse osmosis. (JG Photo/Safir Makki)  

   

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The national government is planning to build a plant to convert seawater into drinking water using reverse osmosis technology in Tanjung Pinang, Riau Islands, an official said on Friday.

The plant will have a clean water production capacity of 50 liters per second, said Danny Sutjiono, director for drinking water development at the Public Works Ministry.

“This is estimated to be able to meet the demand for 40,000 customers at a tariff of around Rp 8,000 to Rp 9,000 per cubic meter per second,” Danny said.

Danny said the project was now in the tender phase for construction. He said that he hoped a contract could be signed in October and that construction could start immediately thereafter.

“I hope the project will be operational at the end of 2013,” he added.

Reverse osmosis is expensive. Danny said the investment needed for the Riau Islands project was four times what freshwater projects of a similar scale would cost.

The Public Works Ministry said it would allocate Rp 40 billion ($4.24 million) to build the plant.

The winner of the tender must not only construct the physical facility but also operate the plant and build the necessary distribution pipeline network, Danny said.

“They will have to handle the construction process and the provision of water. All we want is for the seawater to be processed into drinking water and channeled to the houses,” he said.

The ministry has already built one reverse osmosis plant, on Mandangin island in Sampang, East Java, off the coast of the larger Madura island.

That plant has a similar production capacity to that of the proposed Riau Islands facility. After the Mandangin plant is officially inaugurated by Public Works Minister Djoko Kirmanto in early August, it will serve an estimated 20,000 people.

That plant’s water sells for Rp 12,000 per cubic meter per second, Danny said.

Investor Daily

Geothermal Power Could Help Bridge Indonesia's Energy Gap: WWF

Jakarta Globe, Fidelis E. Satriastanti,  July 06, 2012

An employee of Indonesia Power walks near a thermal pipe at Kamojang
 geothermal power plant near Garut, in Indonesia's West Java province in this
 file photo. Indonesia invested in green energy like geothermal power at a greater
rate than G20 countries like the United States, India and Japan. (Reuters Photo)      

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WWF Indonesia launched a report on Thursday which mapped out the country’s geothermal resources in a bid to promote the use of alternative energy sources.

The report, titled “Igniting the Ring of Fire: A Vision to Develop Indonesia’s Geothermal Power,” said Indonesia had the world’s biggest geothermal potential as the country sat on the world’s most active volcanic belt, the Ring of Fire, which frames the Pacific Ocean.

There could be up to 29 gigawatts of electricity produced if Indonesia was into tap all of its geothermal resources, the report said.

That is more than enough energy to fulfil the needs of two of Indonesia’s most populated islands, Java and Bali, where demand peaked in April at 20.1 gigawatts.

Currently, Indonesia only uses 1.2 gigawatts of geothermal power, the environment group said.

“The WWF, globally, has launched a mission of 100 percent renewable energy by 2050. It is an ambitious mission but hopefully serves as an inspiration. [The] Ring of Fire [project] wants [to accomplish] that mission,” WWF project coordinator Indra Sari Wardhani said.

Indra said that Indonesia must harness geothermal energy by not overlooking environmental, social and economic impacts as well as the capacity of the regional administrations and local residents.

“Challenges for developing geothermal [power] start with regulation and governance. In terms of regulation, there is an overlap between geothermal areas and forest areas,” the WWF coordinator said. “Ways need to be found so forest conservation is not sacrificed. There needs to be best practices [of geothermal harvesting] which can serve as benchmarks.”

The government has said it wants 25 percent of power used in the country to come from renewable energy sources and a 25 percent drop in carbon emissions by 2025. But the WWF said Indonesia could exceed that by harnessing geothermal energy, which now only contributes 1 percent of the country’s energy needs.

Last month, Energy Minister Jero Wacik said the government planned to directly award more concessions to companies to speed up the sector’s development.

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Bamboo points way to green construction in Indonesia's Bali

AsiaOne, AFP, Sunday, Jun 10, 2012

SIBANG KAJA, Indonesia - Strong, light and cheaper than steel poles, bamboo is ubiquitous across Asia as scaffolding.

So much so that in recognition of the material's versatility, the Indonesian island of Bali has made it an emblem of sustainable construction, replacing buildings of concrete and steel with far greener alternatives.

An entire school, luxury villas and even a chocolate factory are the latest structures to rise from bamboo skeletons as the plant's green credentials and strength are hailed.

A general view a a roof of a chocolate
 factory constructed from bamboo
at a village in Sibang, Badung regency
 on Bali island in this photograph taken
on June 4, 2012. (AFP Photo/Sonny 
Tumbelaka)

The factory, which opened last year and produces organic drinking chocolate and cocoa butter, is the latest in a string of buildings on the island, including homes and businesses, to be built of bamboo.

Erected in the village of Sibang Kaja between the resort island's smoggy capital Denpasar and the forests of Ubud, the factory is the initiative of specialty food firm Big Tree Farms, which claims the 2,550-square-metre (27,500-square-foot) facility is the biggest commercial bamboo building in the world.

"Bamboo is unmatched as a sustainable building material. What it can do is remarkable," Big Tree Farms co-founder Ben Ripple, 37, told AFP.

"It grows far more quickly than timber and doesn't destroy the land it's grown on," said Ripple, an American from Connecticut. "Our factory can be packed up and moved in days, so if we decided to shut it down one day, we're not going to damage the rice paddies we sit on."

The 100 hectares (247 acres) of paddies sit inside a so-called "bamboo triangle," with the factory, school and villas standing at each of the three points.

Such ambitious bamboo projects in Bali are mostly driven by eco-conscious foreigners.

With studies showing construction to be one of the world's least sustainable industries - eating up around half of the globe's non-renewable resources - sustainable construction is slowly taking root around the world.

It is among the key topics for discussion at the Rio+20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, which opens June 20 in Rio de Janeiro.

In Sibang, the tawny brown bamboo buildings with their grass thatched roofs appear to be rising from the earth.

The three-storey chocolate factory is pieced together using a complex system of scissor trusses and bolts, thanks to clever architecture.

It resembles the traditional longhouses found on Borneo island and was made with more than 18,000 metres (59,000 feet) of bamboo from Bali and Java.

At Sibang's nearby Green School, the 240 students - most of them children of expatriates - learn in semi-outdoor classrooms decked with bamboo furniture.

The school, which opened in 2008 and was the magnet for the other two projects, has 25 bamboo buildings, the main one being a stilt-structure constructed with 2,500 bamboo poles, or culms.

"In Hong Kong and China, they make new skyscrapers of concrete and glass using bamboo scaffolding. But here, the workmen stood on steel scaffolding to build this bamboo building. That's always seemed funny to me," said Green School admissions head Ben Macrory, from New York.

"In most parts of Asia, bamboo is seen as the poor man's timber."

Not, however, in Sibang, where the bamboo villas that nestle between the palm trees are worth US$350,000 to US$700,000 (S$450,000 to S$899,000) each.

Like decadent treehouses for adults, they have semi-outdoor areas and include innovative bamboo flooring that resembles smooth timber and jellybean-shaped coffee tables made from thin bamboo slats.

Bamboo - technically a grass - has been used in building for centuries because of its impressive strength-to-weight ratio.

Jules Janssen, an authority on bamboo in the Netherlands, says that the weight of a 5,000-kilogram (11,000-pound) elephant can be supported by a short bamboo stub with a surface area of just 10 square centimetres (1.5 square inches).

One reason bamboo is so environmentally-friendly is the speed at which it grows, according to Terry Sunderland, a scientist at the Centre for International Forestry Research in Indonesia.

"In China, eucalyptus can grow at three to four metres (10-13 feet) a year, which is very impressive for timber. But building-quality bamboo will grow between six and 10 metres (20-33 feet) in that time," he said.

And unlike trees that rarely grow back once felled, bamboo will continue to produce new shoots even after cutting.

But even bamboo has its drawbacks.

Without intensive treatment, it is prone to rotting after exposure to water. It also catches fire relatively easily, which is why many countries limit bamboo structures to just a few storeys.

Ripple acknowledged that building with bamboo was not foolproof, but expressed optimism that the technology to protect it from the elements will improve.

"A friend we work with here always says bamboo needs a hat, rain jacket and boots," he said. "We're lacking on the rain jacket a bit, but we're looking at non-toxic materials to give it some protection."

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Indonesia Stands Out in Clean Energy Rise

Jakarta Globe, Ulma Haryanto, April 15, 2012

An employee of Indonesia Power walks near a thermal pipe at Kamojang
 geothermal power plant near Garut, in Indonesia's West Java province in this
file  photo. Indonesia invested in green energy like geothermal power at a greater
rate than G20 countries like the United States, India and Japan. (Reuters Photo)

         

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Indonesia beat G-20 nations the United States, India, and Japan in the rate of growth in clean energy investment last year, according to a new report from Pew Charitable Trusts.

After passing the $1 billion mark in clean energy investment in 2010, Indonesia recorded a whopping 520 percent growth in investment gains last year. It ranks 14th overall.

“The country has an estimated 40 percent of the world’s known geothermal energy resources, and 2011 investments were guided toward developing this natural source of heat,” said the report, which was released on Wednesday.

Titled “Who’s Winning the Clean Energy Race? 2011 Edition,” the report examines key financial, investment and technological trends in 2011 related to the clean energy economies of G-20 members, with the primary focus being investment.

Bloomberg New Energy Finance, a market research firm focused on renewable energy, was Pew’s research partner in compiling and reviewing the data.

The report also showed that global clean energy investment in the past decade has managed to grow steadily by 6.5 percent to $263 billion in 2011, with G-20 member countries’ accounting for 95 percent.

Overall, the Asia/Oceania region held second place after the Americas for clean energy investments at $75 billion, growing more than 10 percent in 2011.

“Future growth is anticipated in the emerging markets of developing nations,” the report continues, pointing to annual investment growth rates of 10 to 18 percent projected for parts of Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America in the next 10 years.

According to the report, the increasing electricity demands of an emerging middle class gives countries like Indonesia, China, Australia, and India more allure than Europe.

“Deployment of clean energy in Europe is likely to slow in 2012 as governments continue or accelerate efforts to rein in incentives for clean energy technologies,” the report said.

Paulus Tjakrawan, secretary general of the Indonesian Biofuel Producers Association (Aprobi), agreed with the report’s forecast, and sought to draw attention to the significance of governments’ clean energy-friendly policies.

“People are willing to invest if there is a positive market projection, and currently [Indonesia’s government] has clearly shown its support for renewable energy,” Paulus said on Friday.

He also said that with the correct policies and education of regional governments, the national government’s 2025 renewable energy goals — 9.5 gigawatts of geothermal, 970 megawatts from wind power and 870 MW from solar — would be achievable.

“But we have to make sure that we’re able to produce everything locally. If we import the components then it’s just going to be too expensive,” Paulus said.

The report said investment in solar energy had increased by 44 percent, attracting $128 billion and accounting for more than half of all clean energy investment in G-20 countries.

While Indonesia’s geothermal energy capacity is estimated at 28 GW, only 5 percent has been developed, a recent study found..

118 Tanjung Priok Containers Confirmed to Contain Toxic Waste

Jakarta Globe, Fidelis Satriastanti, April 05, 2012

Four Indonesian companies imported a total of 118 containers in February,
which were confirmed on Thursday to contain hazardous materials
commonly referred to as B3 waste here. (Antara Photo)

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Indonesia’s Ministry of Environment confirmed on Thursday that 118 containers of scrap metal seized at Tanjung Priok port in North Jakarta in February contained hazardous materials.

They are the second batch of scrap metal containers imported into Indonesia that have been proven to contain toxic waste.

The first batch, consisting of 113 containers and arriving in the same port in January, was confirmed in February to contain hazardous materials, commonly referred to as B3 here.

“We’ve conducted some samplings and testing, and the result is the same with the 113 containers. The 118 containers are contaminated with B3 waste,” said Henry Bastaman, the deputy for technical support development and capacity building at the Environment Ministry in Jakarta on Thursday.

“The type of waste materials found are similar with those in the 113 containers. There is oil, electronic waste, chromium and lead.”

Henry said the 118 containers were imported by four Indonesian companies and registered as scrap metal for recycling purposes.

The ministry’s deputy for environmental management, Sudariyono, said last month the 118 containers came from a number of countries in Europe, Asia and Africa, and would be returned to those countries soon after administrative procedures were completed.

The 113 containers in the first batch, meanwhile, came from Britain and the Netherlands, and are expected to soon be sent back to those two countries.

Indonesia’s customs and excise office also seized 130 containers in Surabaya, 77 containers in Medan and 11 containers in Semarang believed to contain toxic waste.

BeritaSatu/JG

Govt to build solar cell company in West Java

Antara News, Mon, March 19 2012 

Jakarta (ANTARA News) - The Ministry of State Owned Enterprises plans to build a solar cell company in Karawang, West Java, in response to the growing suggestions that Indonesia should use more renewable energy and reduce its dependency on fossil fuel, a minister said.

Dahlan Iskan. (ANTARA
/Rosa Panggabean) 

"The company will produce a capacity of 60 megawatts per year, and the government has planned to invest Rp500 billion. The company is expected to start operations by November 2013," Minister of State Owned Enterprises Dahlan Iskan said here on Monday.

Earlier, Minister of Research and Technology Gusti Muhammad Hatta had said his ministry was continuously studying the pattern of geothermal energy utilization in Indonesia as part of the efforts to ready existing renewable energy sources for tapping by 2025.

"My ministry is continuously studying the utilization patterns since it has been planned that in 2025 new renewable energy should be ready in large amounts," he said.

Gusti added that the National Energy Board (DEN) had predicted that the availability of petroleum would deplete by 2020 so the preparation of renewable energy on a large scale should be started early.

Oil may still be available off the coast but it is deep inside the ocean and will require the use of advance technology and high costs to obtain.

Therefore, the renewable energy derived from various sources such as ocean currents, wind and plants (bio-ethanol) must be reviewed for use, the minister explained.

"In fact, in the near future we will be working on geothermal energy because we (Indonesia, Red) has 44 percent of the world`s geothermal potential," he noted.

The DEN version guided by the blue print of National Energy Management 2004 mentions that Indonesia`s energy source of fossil fuel, which is oil, will be exhausted within 18 years, gas in 61 years, and coal in 147 years.

Currently Indonesia needs as much as 1.5 percent of the world`s oil to reach 10.5 billion tons.

Meanwhile, Indonesia exports as much as 1.5 percent, which means that Indonesia`s ability to produce oil takes care of 3 percent of the total oil consumption in the world.

Earlier, Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Jero Wacik said that renewable energy in Indonesia has not been fully utilized, especially the abundant solar energy.

"Solar energy is currently used only for drying coffee and during the tourist season, even though it can be utilized optimally," he said.

Jero noted that energy sources of oil will be exhausted but according to the data from the National Energy Board, renewable energy is currently only 5 percent of the total energy used.

So the government is working towards making sure that renewable energy reaches a minimum of 25 percent of the total energy used in 2025.

According to the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, there are currently around 28 sources of geothermal energy with a potential of about 7,000 megawatts that have been licensed for exploration by the Forestry Ministry.

Editor: Priyambodo RH

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A New Home for Rp 70m? It Might Be Within Reach for Indonesia's Poor

Jakarta Globe, Anita Rachman, March 19, 2012

Model units of the prefab homes that the Ministry of Public Housing
 envisions as an affordable plan to homeownership. Accounting for all
the costs  associated with them, setting up the houses would cost at least
Rp 70 million, with mortgage plans available. (JG Photo/ Afriadi Hikmal)  

       

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Shortly after he was appointed public housing minister in October, Djan Faridz was given a daunting challenge: build Rp 25 million ($2,750) houses for low-ranking civil servants on land provided by the local government.

“I was shocked,” he told the Jakarta Globe in a recent interview. “How can I build a house with only Rp 25 million? And I wanted it to have at least a 36-square-meter [floor area].”

But he soon found an answer in Palembang, South Sumatra. In a trip to the province, he met representatives of Grand Wijaya Persada, a construction company that has been building houses for even less than that amount.

A model cheap house

Inside the ministry compound in South Jakarta, a fully furnished, two-bedroom 45-square-meter model unit now stands.

The basic structure of the prefab house costs Rp 35 million, sans flooring, ceiling and paint, which runs an additional Rp 5 million.

Beside it, a model unit of the Rp 25 million, 36-square-meter version is being built. Visible for now is the steel mold where concrete would be poured into to create the basic structure. But it won’t remain like that for long, because the house can be finished in as little as seven days.

Anyone interested in looking at the model units is welcome at the ministry. Both units have a defined two-bedroom floor plan according to the prefab mold patented by Umar Sumadi, the production head at Grand Wijaya. A single mold can be used to construct as many as 200 houses.

The ministry has already signed a memorandum of understanding with several other ministries committing to help provide civil servants with these cheap houses.

Djan said the project would be done in 60 districts and municipalities across the country, starting off with East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) and North Maluku.

The ministry is aiming to build around 7,900 cheap houses in NTT and 2,000 in North Maluku this year, among others.

Rp 70 million dream

The minister, however, is keen on finding a way to make the same cheap houses available to all Indonesians.

“Housing is a serious matter, after food and clothing. But many cannot afford it because it’s remarkably expensive,” Djan said.

According to his ministry’s data, as many as 4.8 million Indonesians today live in dilapidated houses, and more than 11 million people do not have their own homes. And with real estate prices expected to keep rising, chances are these figures will only climb higher.

That’s why the minister’s goal is to give Indonesians a chance to own a home for an affordable Rp 70 million.

Here’s how he sees it: in certain parts of Jakarta’s satellite cities, say Depok, people can still get a 60-square-meter plot of land for less than Rp 20 million.

If the Rp 25 million, 36-square-meter prefab model is built on that land, then for as little as Rp 70 million — including flooring, ceiling, paint, electricity and water installations and other fixtures — an Indonesian family can have a home it can call its own.

“Of course you can also get it elsewhere, anywhere you want,” the minister said. “So if you are outside Java, you can get a house for even less than Rp 70 million.”

Bringing it to the people

The idea is that the ministry will work with developers who can build subdivisions full of these prefab units.

For a housing project to be economically feasible, at least 200 units must be constructed to maximize the use of the mold. Grand Wijaya would earn a 5 percent licensing fee for each socialized housing project.

Indonesians can then buy the houses from these developers at prices determined together with the ministry. Of course, certain conditions, such as that the potential buyer does not own a house yet, have to be met.

The ministry will then help get bank housing loans. For a Rp 70 million house, Djan said the current computation would see a buyer pay Rp 575,000 a month for 15 years.

But it might still be a while before these become a reality, as the ministry hasn’t begun discussions with developers yet.

Real Estate Indonesia chair Setyo Maharso said delivering low-cost homes was not a problem, and the ministry’s plan could be executed in the same way as previous programs.

Doing it in Jakarta, though, would not be easy, he said.

“It’s even quite difficult to build it in Depok. Bogor or Bekasi are still possible, but not here in Jakarta,” he said.

Although he completely supports the policy, he said prefab units were not always ideal.

“Low-income families usually buy a small house, but when they have money, they will build more rooms. But prefab houses are not really flexible for modifications,” he said.

Priyo Suprobo, a structural engineer with the Sepuluh November Institute of Technology (ITS), agreed. He said modifying a prefab structure would be difficult, and that the lack of flexibility was a major weakness.

Another is that people could not embed electrical wiring into the walls.

But Priyo still believes this kind of model can help low-income families solve their housing problems, “especially if the ministry provides a subsidy,” he said.

Will people buy?

Ridwan, a security guard in an office building in Kuningan, currently rents a house in Kedoya in Kebun Jeruk, West Jakarta, with his wife and child for Rp 350,000.

Hearing about the Rp 70 million house made him happy and hopeful. “I think it’s affordable, and 36 square meters looks decent enough,” he said.

On the other hand, Afrizal, a single 24-year-old noddle seller in Lenteng Agung, felt the Rp 575,000 amortization per month was still out of reach.

“It’s already hard to make ends meet,” he said.

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